牛顿,年代ir Isaac:

Newton's discoveries in optics were presented in his Opticks(1704), in which he elaborated his theory thatlightis composed of corpuscles, or particles. His corpuscular theory dominated optics until the early 19th cent., when it was replaced by the wave theory of light. The two theories were combined in the modernquantum theory. Among his other accomplishments were his construction (1668) of a reflectingtelescopeand his anticipation of the calculus of variations, founded by GottfriedLeibnizand the伯努利. In later years Newton considered mathematics and physics a recreation and turned much of his energy toward alchemy, theology, and history, particularly problems of chronology.

Sections in this article:

• Introduction
• Early Life and Work
• The Principia
• Later Work
• Later Life
• Bibliography

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